On 7 May 2026, a field trip to the underground mining operations of KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. was conducted, specifically to the R-IX shaft of the Rudna Mine. The purpose of the visit was to familiarize participants with the operation of an underground mine, underground work organization, the copper ore extraction process, as well as the mechanization systems and ground support solutions applied in underground excavations.

Upon arrival at the mining plant, the participants attended an introductory occupational health and safety (OHS) training dedicated to regulations applicable in underground mining operations. Particular attention was paid to emergency response procedures and the operation of self-rescuers. The construction and operating principles of the devices were discussed, along with the correct procedures for donning and using them in the event of underground hazards.

Subsequently, a representative of the TT Department delivered a presentation concerning the operation of the Rudna Mining Division (O/ZG Rudna). The presentation covered fundamental aspects of copper ore mining, the organization of mining departments, the underground haulage system, and the technological processes implemented within the mine. Working conditions underground and the importance of strict compliance with safety procedures were also discussed.

Following the theoretical session, the participants proceeded to the R-IX shaft for descent underground. After reaching the production level (approximately 1,080 m below surface), the group was transported to the G-12 mining district, where a development heading was visited. Individual rock strata, their mechanical properties, and the influence of geological conditions on mining operations were discussed. Special emphasis was placed on the necessity of proper excavation support and on adapting mining technologies to local geological and mining conditions.

During the underground tour, methods of securing roadway and chamber excavations were also presented. The application of resin-grouted rock bolts and expansion shell bolts, used for rock mass reinforcement and excavation stabilization, was discussed in detail. The operating principles, installation procedures, and the scope of application of both support systems were explained with reference to the geological conditions encountered in different mining areas.

The next stage of the visit included the ore pass grizzly area, where participants were able to observe the ore unloading and crushing processes.

A particularly impressive part of the visit was the heavy machinery chamber, where equipment used within the underground technological production chain was presented. The mining foreman provided a detailed explanation of the purpose and operating principles of individual machines. The equipment included, among others, charging vehicles used for loading explosives, roof bolting rigs (SWK) utilized for rock bolting support installation, and underground transport machines used for hauling ore and materials. The importance of mechanization in improving operational efficiency and enhancing workforce safety was also emphasized.

The entire underground stay lasted approximately three hours. During this time, participants had the opportunity to directly experience the working conditions in a deep underground mine and observe the operation of various elements of the mining process. The trip provided valuable practical extension of the knowledge acquired during academic coursework and enabled a better understanding of issues related to underground copper ore extraction.

At the conclusion of the visit, participants received commemorative certificates confirming their presence at the deepest point of the mine (1,200 m below surface).

The educational field trip to the Rudna Mine proved to be an extremely valuable experience, enabling participants to gain insight into the specifics of underground mining operations, mining work organization, and modern technological solutions implemented in the mining facilities of KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. The practical knowledge gained during the visit will undoubtedly be beneficial in further academic education and future professional careers.

The field trip was organized by Dr. Eng. Bogumiła Pałac-Walko as part of the course “Rock Mechanics”.

Prepared by: Mateusz Szwaj (EPiOZ)